Error Mitigation

NISQ devices are noisy due to imperfect gate operations and measurement errors. This section explores readout error mitigation, ZNE, and CDR.

Contents

Readout Error Mitigation

Due to the imperfection of real devices, errors occur in state preparation and measurement. Readout error mitigation reduces the effect of those errors by applying inverse of such noisy operations. The inverse of the…

Zero-noise Extrapolation

ZNE is an error mitigation method that extrapolates the noiseless value from the multiple noise level values. The method consists of three steps:

Clifford Data Regression

CDR is an error mitigation method which predicts the noiseless value using training data, which can be generated by exact estimator such as a simulator and a noisy estimator such as a real device. The method consists of…